A tumor marker is a substance found in your blood, urine, or body tissue. The term "tumor markers" may refer to proteins that are made by both healthy cells and cancer cells in the body. It may also refer to mutations, changes, or patterns in a tumor's DNA. Tumor markers are also called biomarkers. Doctors may use tumor marker tests to learn if you have cancer. These tests can also help doctors to learn more about your cancer and help to plan treatment. High tumor marker levels can be a sign of cancer. Along with other tests, tumor marker tests can help doctors diagnose specific types of cancer and plan treatment. Tumor marker tests are not perfect. They are often not specific for cancer and may not be sensitive enough to pick up a cancer recurrence. The presence of tumor markers alone is not enough to diagnose cancer. You will probably need other tests to learn more about possible cancer or recurrence. A member of your health care team will take a sample of your blood or urine. The sample goes to a laboratory for testing. Some tests must be done more than once, because the levels of tumor markers can change regularly. You will also need other tests to find cancer and check on treatment. This is because tumor marker results have limitations (see above) and are sometimes wrong.
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